In August 1990 the Iraqi army overran neighbouring Kuwait. Despite the large foreign debt with which Iraq found itself saddled by war’s end, Saddam continued to build up his armed forces. The Iran-Iraq War dragged on in a stalemate until 1988, when both countries accepted a cease-fire that ended the fighting. The cost of the war and the interruption of Iraq’s oil exports caused Saddam to scale down his ambitious programs for economic development. Saddam launched an invasion of Iran’s oil fields in September 1980, but the campaign bogged down in a war of attrition. His goals as president were to supplant Egypt as leader of the Arab world and to achieve hegemony over the Persian Gulf. He used an extensive secret-police establishment to suppress any internal opposition to his rule, and he made himself the object of an extensive personality cult among the Iraqi public. He then became chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council and prime minister, among other positions. Saddam began to assert open control of the government in 1979 and became president upon Bakr’s resignation. Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr, and in 1972 he directed the nationalization of Iraq’s oil industry. Saddam effectively held power in Iraq along with the head of state, Pres. He escaped, becoming a leader of the Baʿath Party, and was instrumental in the coup that brought the party back to power in 1968. The Baʿathists were overthrown that same year, however, and Saddam spent several years in prison in Iraq. He attended Cairo Law School (1962–63) and continued his studies at Baghdad Law College after the Baʿathists took power in Iraq in 1963. In 1959 he participated in an unsuccessful attempt by Baʿathists to assassinate the Iraqi prime minister, ʿAbd al-Karīm Qāsim Saddam was wounded in the attempt and escaped first to Syria and then to Egypt. If you want to ace it, you’ll need to know the history of the United States, some of the most famous people in history, what happened during World War II, and much more. This quiz collects 41 of the toughest questions from Britannica’s most popular quizzes on world history. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.
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This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Saddam’s Ba’ath Party was also disbanded from Iraq.įormer CIA agent John Nixon who interrogated Saddam, after 10 years of his assassination made the statement “US was wrong about him. He was held responsible for the murder of 148 Iraqi Shi’ites in 1982, in retaliation to an assassination attempt against him. On DecemSaddam was captured by the US troops and was subsequently executed on Decemafter being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraq Special Tribunal. In 2003, a coalition led by the US invaded Iraq and former US President George Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair accused Saddam of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties with al-Qaeda. He maintained his power even during the Iraq-Iraq war and the Gulf war. He was the de facto leader of Iraq for few years but formally came into power in 1979 while leading the Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party. Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup under the ailing General Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr. Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (1937 – 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq who served from 1979 - 2003, he was widely condemned for the brutality of his dictatorship.
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